Emotional Places. The Topics of Pathos in Aristotle’s Rhetoric
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52610/rhs.v22i78.43Abstract
Our understanding of Aristotle’s Rhetoric is still incomplete and distorted. This is especially true concerning his analysis of the specific topics of pathos that make up a significant part of the second book of the text. Even though this part of the text is almost twice as long as the analysis of the common topics, the discussion has attracted surprisingly small scholarly interest, at least as viewed as an example of a list of topics, as the researchers that have aspired to an understanding of “the topics” as such have almost all ignored this part of the text. The purpose of this essay is to lay out the grounds for such a study. The result of the essay is firstly a distinction between two kinds of specific topics, here somewhat ponderously labeled schematic and concrete specific topics. With these as a starting point it is possible to make a further distinction between three general specific topics here named subject, stimulus and agent. These three schematic topics could, it is finally suggested, be as useful in the 21:st century as they were in an Athens of the 4th century BCE.
References
Aristoteles. Retoriken. Översatt av Johanna Akujärvi. Ödåkra: Retorikförlaget, 2014.
Aristotle. On Rhetoric. A Theory of Civic Discourse. 2 utg. Översatt med introduktion, noter och appendix av George A. Kennedy. New York och Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
–. Aristotle. The ”Art” of Rhetoric. Med engelsk parallellöversättning av John Henry Freese, The Loeb Classical Library 193, London och Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1926.
Braet, Antoine C. ”Ethos, Pathos and Logos in Aristotle’s Rhetoric: A Re-Examination”, Argumentation 6, nr. 3 (1992): 307–320.
Cope, Edward Meredith. An Introduction to Aristotle’s Rhetoric. With Analysis Notes and Appendices. London och Cambridge: MacMillan & Company, 1867.
Dow, Jamie. Passions and Persuasion in Aristotle’s Rhetoric. Oxford Aristotle Studies Series Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Fortenbaugh, William W. “Aristotle’s Rhetoric on Emotions.” Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 52, nr. 1 (1970): 40-70.
–. Aristotle on Emotion. A Contribution to Philosophical Psychology, Rhetoric, Poetics, Politics and Ethics. 2 utg. London: Gerald Duckworth & co., 2002.
Gabrielsen, Jonas. Topik. Ekskursioner i retorikkens toposlære. Åstorp: Retorikförlaget, 2008.
Graff, Richard. ”Topics/Topoi.” I Rhetorik und Stilistik. Rhetoric and Stylistics. Ein internationales Handbuch historischer und systematischer Forschung. An International Handbook of Historical and Systematic Research 1. Redigerad av Ulla Fix, Andreas Gardt och Joachim Knape, 717-28. Berlin & New York: Walter De Gruyter, 2008.
Green, Lawrence D. ”Pathos.” I Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, redigerad av. Thomas O. Sloane, 554-69. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Grimaldi, William M. A. Aristotle Rhetoric I & II. A Commentary. New York: Fordham University Press, 1980 & 1988.
–. ”Studies in the Philosophy of Aristotle’s Rhetoric.” I Landmark Essays on Aristotelian Rhetoric, redigerad av Richard Leo Enos och Lois Peters Agnew, 15-159. Mahwah, New Jersey och London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998.
Heidegger, Martin. Vara och tid. översatt av Jim Jacobsson. Göteborg: Daidalos bokförlag, 2013.
Kennedy, George A. “Introduction, Notes and Appendices.” I Aristotle, On Rhetoric. A Theory of Civic Discourse. 2 utg. Översatt med introduktion, noter och appendix av George A. Kennedy. New York och Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Konstan, David. The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks: Studies in Aristotle and Classical Literature. Vol. 5. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006.
Liddel, Henry George och Robert Scott (red.). A Greek-English Lexicon. With a Revised Supplement. 9 utg. Reviderad och utvidgad av Sir Henry Stuart Jones et al. Supplement utgivet av P. G. W. Glare. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
Lindqvist, Janne. Klassisk retorik för vår tid. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2016.
–. “Känslans syllogistik. Den enthymematiska strukturen i Aristoteles analys av pathos.” Rhetorica Scandinavica 68 (2014): 54–82.
Miller, Carolyn. “The Aristotelian Topos: Hunting for Novelty.” I Rereading Aristotle’s Rhetoric, redigerad av Alan G. Gross och Arthur E. Waltzer, 130-46. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000.
Nussbaum, Martha Craven. ”Aristotle on Emotions and Rational Persuasion.” I Essays on Aristotle’s Rhetoric. Redigerad av Amélie Oksenberg Rorty, 303-23. Berkeley och Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1996.
Pontoppidan, Christina, Jonas Gabrielsen och Heidi Jønch-Clausen. ”Topik: Et retorisk bidrag til den kritiske journalistik.” Nordicom-Information 32 (2010): 47–59.
Pontoppidan, Christina och Jonas Gabrielsen. ”Topik – en overset vinkel på ledelse.” Ledelse i Dag (maj 2017), https://www.lederne.dk/ledelse-i-dag/ny-viden/2017/ledelse-i-dag-maj-2017/topik-en-overset-vinkel-paa-ledelse/.
Rubinelli, Sara. Ars Topica. The Classical Technique of Constructing Arguments from Aristotle to Cicero. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.
Slomkowski, Paul. Aristotele’s Topics. Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, 1997.
Steinbrink, Bernd. ”Pathos.” I Historisches Wörterbuch der Rhetorik Bd 7. Redigerad av Gert Ueding, 43-74. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1992.
Söderberg, Maria Wolrath. Aristoteles retoriska toposlära: en verktygsrepertoar för fronesis, Södertörn retoriska studier 4. Huddinge: Södertörns högskola.
–. Topos som meningsskapare. Retorikens topiska perspektiv på tänkande och lärande genom argumentation. Örebro Studies in Rhetoric 7, Södertörn Doctoral Dissertations 70, diss.Örebro. Ödåkra: Retorikförlaget, 2012.
Wagner, Tim. ”Topik.” I Historisches Wörterbuch der Rhetorik Bd 9. Redigerad av Gert Ueding, Tübingen, 605-26. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 2009.
Walker, Jeffrey. “Pathos and Katharsis in ‘Aristotelian’ Rhetoric: Some implications.” I Rereading Aristotle’s Rhetoric. Redigerad av Alan G. Gross och Arthur E. Waltzer, 74-92. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000.
Waltzer, Arthur E. “Aristotle on Speaking ‘Outside the Subject’: The Special Topics and Rhetorical Forums.” I Rereading Aristotle’s Rhetoric. Redigerad av Alan G. Gross och Arthur E. Waltzer, 38-54. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000.
Warnick, Barbara. “Two Systems of Invention: The Topics in the Rhetoric and The New Rhetoric.” I Rereading Aristotle’s Rhetoric. Redigerad av Alan G. Gross och Arthur E. Waltzer, 108-29. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000.
Wisse, Jakob. Ethos and Pathos from Aristotle to Cicero. Amsterdam: Adolph M. Hackert Publisher, 1989.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Open Access; CC Erkännande-IckeKommersiell-IngaBearbetningar 4.0
